There were 3557 greater one-horn rhino by the end of 2015 (Emslie et al. Asian rhinos (greater one-horn rhino Rhinoceros unicornis Javan rhino Rhinoceros sondaicus and Sumatran rhino Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) all survive only in small numbers, with the Sumatran and Javan rhinos each with less than 100 in the wild. The northern white rhino Ceretatherium simum cottoni is functionally extinct (Groves, Fernando & Robovský 2010) and the western black rhino Diceros bicornis longipes (Emslie 2011) recently went extinct (Travers, Waterland & Stroud 2011). In contrast, the African black rhino sub-species experienced severe declines with the eastern black rhino Diceros bicornis michaeli and south-western black rhino Diceros bicornis bicornis listed as critically endangered and the south-central black rhino Diceros bicornis minor listed as vulnerable (Amin et al. 2006a), with its total numbers exceeding that of a minimum viable population (Reed et al. Of the African rhinos, the southern white rhino Ceratotherium simum simum is the most abundant (Amin et al. Rhinoceroses (rhinos) are under threat worldwide. Outcomes for south-western black rhino have already realised and the good conservation efforts should continue. Conservation managers will need to improve the protection of southern white rhino, while the Department of Environmental Affairs need to be made aware of the challenges specifically associated with not achieving targets for south-central black rhino. SANParks' primary challenge in achieving its contribution to South Africa's rhino conservation targets is associated with curbing poaching in Kruger National Park.ĬONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS: The status and trends of rhino species in SANParks highlight key challenges associated with achieving the national targets of South Africa. To continue to evaluate the achievement of these targets, SANParks needs annual population estimates relying on total counts, mark-recapture techniques and block-based sample counts to track trends in rhino populations. For southern white rhinos, SANParks requires 5% annual growth for its contribution to the South African target of 20 400 individuals. South-central black rhinos declined over the study period because of poaching in the Kruger National Park, making it difficult for SANParks to realise a 9% increase per annum for its expected contribution to the South African target of 2800 individuals. South-western black rhinos increased over the study period, which allows SANParks to achieve its contribution to South Africa's 2020 target of 260 individuals. We include and report on rhino surveys in Kruger National Park during 20. We collated information on rhino population sizes in seven national parks from 2011 to 2015. South African national parks, under the management of South African National Parks (SANParks), are custodian to 49% of South Africa's white and 31% of the country's black rhinos. VIVeterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Port Elizabeth, South AfricaĪfrican rhinoceroses (rhinos) experienced a poaching onslaught since 2008 with the epicentre in South Africa where most of the world's rhinos occur. VVeterinary Wildlife Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa IVScientific Services, South African National Parks, Knysna, South Africa IIIScientific Services, South African National Parks, Cape Town, South Africa IIScientific Services, South African National Parks, Kimberley, South Africa IScientific Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa Cowell III Angela Gaylard IV Cathy Greaver I Jessica Hayes IV Markus Hofmeyr V Lizette Moolman-van der Vyver IV David Zimmermann VI The results suggested that javan rhino showed selection and preferences for its habitat.The status of rhinoceroses in South African National Parks The research indicated that Javan rhinos highest use of areas comprised of swampy shrub (w = 2.197) and shrub (w = 2.012), relatively open habitat (w = 4.233), flat area (w = 1.313) and slightly sloping areas (w = 1.007), lowland (w = 1.346), close to river (w = 1.087), close to road network (w = 1.395), close to coasts/beaches (w = 1.862), close to wallowing areas (w = 3.709), and close to rumpang (w = 3.783). The objectives of the study were to determine the utilization distribution of Javan rhino and its habitat characteristics and determine javan rhino habitat selection within UKNP. Natural disasters, disease, poaching, encroachment, and competition are threats facing Javan rhino's population, hence creating pockets of habitats outside the UKNP was necessary and should be based on scientific studies of javan rhino utilization distribution and habitat selection in UKNP as the natural habitat. Currently, their distribution is limited to Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP) of Indonesia. Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) is one of world's rarest endangered species (IUCN 2008).
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